Sunday, August 26, 2012

NY gunman quiet loner; victim outgoing family man

NEW YORK (AP) ? A gunman who killed a former co-worker in cold blood in the shadow of the Empire State Building and then was shot dead by police after he turned his gun on them spent long hours in the quiet of Central Park, photographing hawks and marveling over nature's beauty.

His victim was a gregarious salesman, beloved by his nieces and nephews as the fun uncle who could talk with equal expertise about the New York Jets and the women's fashion accessories he sold.

Investigators on Saturday were trying to piece together what caused Jeffrey Johnson, a T-shirt designer, to ambush Steve Ercolino, an apparel company vice president, a day earlier outside the Manhattan offices of the company where they once were colleagues.

Police said Johnson hid behind a car and then killed Ercolino with five gunshots as he arrived for work. Johnson then was shot by two police officers who confronted him on a busy sidewalk.

Security camera footage showed the officers had only an instant to react when Johnson suddenly turned as they approached and pointed his gun at them, his arm cocked as if to fire.

Their encounter was over in eight seconds. The officers, who had been standing nearly close enough to shake hands with Johnson and had no opportunity to take cover, fired almost immediately.

Nine bystanders were wounded in the 16-shot volley, all by stray or ricocheting police bullets, police confirmed Saturday. None of their injuries was life-threatening, police said.

Police investigating Johnson's killing of Ercolino were eyeing bad blood between them from when they worked together at Hazan Import, a garment district business where Ercolino was a vice president of sales.

Johnson and Ercolino had traded harassment accusations when they worked together, police said, and when Johnson was laid off from the company a year ago he blamed Ercolino, saying he hadn't aggressively marketed his new T-shirt line.

After Johnson's layoff, neighbors said, he continued to leave his apartment every day in a suit.

Internet records listed Johnson as the administrator of the website for a business called St. Jolly's Art, which sold iron-on graphic art for T-shirts. Art for sale on the site included stylized drawings of fighter planes and muscle cars and whimsical "seafaring vignettes" featuring pirate maidens and tall ships.

Johnson also was part of a community of bird watchers and photographers who document hawks and other wildlife living in Central Park, a few blocks from his home.

In one email to another bird watcher who works at The Associated Press, Johnson wrote tenderly about spending a winter night watching ducks in the park.

"Near midnight by the Harlem Meer I watched a little 'flotilla' of Mallards swimming and softly honking ... fifteen degree temp and they were carrying on unfazed. Just remarkable," he wrote.

His photographs of Central Park's hawk population appeared regularly on blogs tracking the birds.

A neighbor who often saw Johnson, 58, said he was always alone.

"I always felt bad," said Gisela Casella, who lived a few floors above Johnson in a modest apartment building on the Upper East Side. "I said, 'Doesn't he have a girlfriend?' I never saw him with anybody."

Ercolino, 41, was described by his relatives as the opposite of a quiet loner.

His eldest brother, Paul Ercolino, said he was a gregarious salesman who often traveled, had a loving girlfriend and was the life of any family gathering.

"He was in the prime of his life," he said. "He would do anything for anybody at any time. ... He was so wonderful with my children. At Christmastime, he was the one who always had the best presents for the kids."

Paul Ercolino said his brother, known to nieces and nephews as Uncle Ducky because of his nearly blond hair, had followed his father into the garment industry after growing up in Nanuet, just north of New York City, then later worked in women's handbags and accessories. He said his brother had never mentioned to the family that he had any problems with a co-worker.

Hazan Import Corp. executives didn't return phone calls seeking comment Friday.

Johnson, after waiting for Steve Ercolino to come to work, walked up to him, pulled out a .45-caliber pistol and fired at his head, police Commissioner Ray Kelly said. After Ercolino fell to the ground, Johnson stood over him and shot four more times, a witness told investigators.

"Jeffrey just came from behind two cars, pulled out his gun, put it up to Steve's head and shot him," said Carol Timan, whose daughter, Irene Timan, was walking to Hazan Imports at the time with Ercolino.

In security camera footage released by the police, Johnson can be seen walking calmly down the sidewalk after the shooting, distancing himself slightly from the other pedestrians, who appear to have no awareness that anything is wrong.

But when two police officers approach in a hurry, Johnson turns and pulls a handgun from a bag. Then, the scene explodes into action. People seated on a bench behind the gunman and pedestrians standing close to the two officers run for their lives.

Only a young child seems not to react, strolling out of view of the camera as adults all around leap away in terror.

Startled New Yorkers later looked up from their morning routines in the crowded business district to see people sprawled in the streets bleeding and a tarp covering a body in front of the tourist landmark.

"I was on the bus, and people were yelling 'Get down! Get down!" accountant Marc Engel said. "I was thinking, 'You people are crazy. No one is shooting in the middle of midtown Manhattan at 9 o'clock in the morning.'"

It was over in seconds, he said ? "a lot of pop, pop, pop, pop, one shot after the other."

Afterward, he saw sidewalks littered with the wounded, including one man "dripping enough blood to leave a stream."

The officers who fired were part a detail regularly assigned to patrol landmarks such as the 1,454-foot-tall skyscraper since the Sept. 11 attacks, officials said.

Kelly, the police commissioner, said the officers who confronted Johnson had "a gun right in their face" and "responded quickly, and they responded appropriately."

"These officers, having looked at the tape myself, had absolutely no choice," he said.

A witness had told police that Johnson fired at the officers, but authorities say ballistics evidence doesn't support that. Johnson's gun held seven rounds, they said. He fired five times at Ercolino, one round was still in the gun and one was ejected when officers secured it, authorities said.

A loaded magazine was found in Johnson's briefcase.

Johnson legally bought the gun in Sarasota, Fla., in 1991, but he didn't have a permit to possess it in New York City, authorities said.

Mayor Michael Bloomberg said New York still is the safest big city in the country, on pace to have a record low number of murders this year.

"But we are not immune to the national problem of gun violence," he said of the shooting, following mass shootings at a Colorado movie theater and a Sikh temple in Wisconsin.

The nine people wounded outside the Empire State Building were all from New York City, except for a woman from Chapel Hill, N.C. They suffered graze wounds or other minor injuries.

Metal detectors and bag searchers have been standard at the Empire State Building since 1997, when a gunman opened fire on the 86th-floor observation deck, killing one tourist and wounding six others before fatally shooting himself.

The skyscraper remained open Friday throughout the mayhem, although its workers became witnesses.

"We were just working here and we just heard bang, bang, bang!" said Mohammed Bachchu, a worker at a nearby souvenir shop.

He said he rushed from the building and saw seven people lying on the ground, covered in blood.

Rebecca Fox said she saw people running down the street and initially thought it was a celebrity sighting, but then she saw a woman shot in the foot and a man dead on the ground.

"I was scared and shocked and literally shaking," she said. "It was like 'CSI,' but it was real."

___

Contributing to this report from New York were Alex Katz, Samantha Gross, Julie Walker, David B. Caruso, Adam Geller, Karen Matthews, Ula Ilnytzky, Anne D'Innocenzio, Meghan Barr and the AP News Research Center.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ny-gunman-quiet-loner-victim-outgoing-family-man-163338030.html

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Indie director explores online route to release film

New Delhi, Aug 25

India's growing tribe of independent filmmakers lack viable platforms and the right distribution structure to push their growth, says debutant director Shailja Gupta, who took the online route to release her film "Walkaway".

"Walkaway", which mocks at the social obligations entrapping young Indian professionals settled in New York, had a modest release in the US in October 2010. But Gupta failed in her attempts to have it screened in Indian theatres.

Then, online was her only option.

"It is very difficult to release an independent film, especially for the Indian market. You have to get front-page coverage in newspapers, get huge promotions and that doesn't come without the backing of big names and production banners. All that is tough for an independent filmmaker," Gupta told IANS in an interview.

Others have struggled like her.

A filmmaker like Hemant Gaba, for instance, who had a shoestring budget of Rs.35 lakh (Rs 3.5 million) could release his indie movie "Shuttlecock Boys" only after a lot of struggle. However, his project earned international acclaim through film fests and finally made it to theatres thanks to PVR Director's Cut Rare initiative.

But Gupta, 38, couldn't do the festival circuit. She launched her movie, a light-comedy drama primarily in English, for Indian audiences online around June through an in-video paywall system, whereby a viewer could watch the one hour 34 minute-long movie any time within 24 hours on a payment of $2.99.

The response, Gupta says, has not been even close to the "200,000 to 300,000" views that thought it would garner. But whatever little views it has had are thanks to social networking platforms, she said.

"Internet is surely the next step for independent filmmakers. But the connectivity in the country is not great enough - one has to wait for long before it buffers and then go back and forth. So, yes, online is the way forward for us, but I don't think very soon," she said.

Audience mindset is also an issue.

"If you want to reach a larger audience, theatre is still the way because when you release a film online, the audience considers it an art film or a different kind of film, which they feel wasn't good enough for a theatrical release. This mindset and attitude need to change," said Gupta, who shuttles between New York and Mumbai for work commitments.

As a person involved in the digital marketing of Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment, the 38-year-old sure knows the tricks of the trade. But she says managing even a word-of-mouth akin to that amassed by a film like "Vicky Donor" demands at least Rs.1 crore (Rs 10 million)

"Word-of-mouth publicity is not easy either. To get the first few people to watch a film, you need at least a crore. What happens to those independent filmmakers who don't even have that? And with a film like 'Vicky Donor', which of course worked very well on word-of-mouth, there was a name as big as John Abraham attached to it.

"So for even 50,000 people to watch the film, it needs good support in India," she added.

Not that Gupta was without a crore thanks to few technology companies, some of her investment banking friends from all over the world, who contributed from Rs.100,000 to Rs.10,00,000 each to shoot the film.

Her budget for "Walkaway" was Rs.2 crore. The project has music compositions by names like Vishal-Shekhar and Ram Sampath and sound mixing by Oscar-winning technician Resul Pookutty. Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment assisted her in the post-production, editing and VFX, while Bengali production house Venkatesh Films helped finance the DI and prints for her movie.

"Yes, it is easier for me to pick up the phone and speak to industry people for my film, but I have built these contacts over 10 years. It has come with a lot of hard work. So it is much tougher for independent filmmakers with no experience in the industry," she said, admitting that the Indian film industry is now gradually opening up to new filmmakers sans filmy connections.

What will help is a definite structure to aid independent filmmakers.

"New York itself has some more than 40 theatres for independent filmmakers. We need to look at creating such a structure," she said.

(Radhika Bhirani can be contacted at radhika.b@ians.in)

Source: http://www.prokerala.com/news/articles/a323165.html

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Thursday, August 23, 2012

The underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease are not fully - Kiefit.com




The underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease are not fully understood, but a good deal of evidence points to the accumulation of ?-amyloid, a protein that's toxic to nerve cells. ?-amyloid is formed by the activity of several enzymes, including one called BACE1. Most Alzheimer's disease patients have elevated levels of BACE1, which in turn leads to more brain-damaging ?-amyloid protein...

Realtime Related Tweets




Source: http://www.kiefit.com/Health_Fitness/enzyme-known-for-generating-toxic-brain-plaques-in-alzheimers-disease-also-causes-additional-memory-and-cognitive-deficits/

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Wednesday, August 22, 2012

marriage, motherhood, and ministry: Significantly Insignificant

Sometimes we all wish our role in life felt more important. Like a highlight reel instead of all this behind-the-scenes footage. Like a 4th of July fireworks display at Giants Stadium instead of these measly little Sparklers from my driveway.

I once saw a T-shirt that said something like, "One day I hope my life is as cool as yours sounds on Facebook." Everyone else's life seems so much more exciting or more adventurous than our own.

It's easy for me to get sucked into this trap. The life of a stay-at-home mom is far from glamorous. (Can I get a witness?!) We are the monitors of hand-washing, the loaders and unloaders of dishwashers, the referees of playtime, and the instructors of paper airplane making. Our uniform typically consists of yoga pants, stained T-shirts, and pony-tailed hair. We may take a shower first thing in the morning or not get around to it until about 4 in the afternoon. We are experts at finding lost shoes, interpreting the meaning of a cry from 3 rooms away, and listening to 4 conversations at once.

When I take the mile-high view of the life of a stay-at-home mom, everything in me screams how incredibly significant that role is for the life of a child and the health of a family. But sometimes, when I'm in the thick of it, trips to the library and building forts don't seem nearly so life changing.

It's comical to Andy and me how vastly different our roles are. The other day he came home and said, "I have one of those headaches you get from sitting in meetings all day making tough decisions. You know what I mean?" I said, "Ummm, not really." Another time he said, "One thing I love about my job is that I have several really high capacity people who report to me." I replied, "I have 2 really low capacity people who report to me." He agreed.

My exhaustion at the end of the day is more on the emotional side than the mental. In fact, I can begin to feel like I'm "wasting" my gifts and not living up to my potential because I have a lot higher capacity than Lincoln Logs require. I start thinking that maybe God could use my life more if I was serving in the "forefront" at South Bay instead of on the "home front" for our family.

But this morning I was reading about John the Baptist. This guy had an incredible ministry! He baptized hundreds, maybe thousands, of people and was somewhat of a national celebrity in his day. However when Jesus came on the scene, all of John's followers started to flock to Jesus. This was really concerning for some of John's followers. But when they questioned John about it he said that it gave him such JOY to see his followers choosing to follow Jesus. John knew that his role in the Kingdom was to point people to Jesus. John said, "He [Jesus] must increase, but I must decrease." (John 3:30)

John was content and secure in playing the role he had been given in the Kingdom. Can you imagine the mess it would have made if John had tried to overstep the role assigned to him? What if he tried to self-promote to maintain his popularity and following? John played an incredibly significant part in God's plan, but the part had boundaries and it would have ruined things if he overstepped his boundaries.

He played his role well because of his willingness to appear insignificant.

This truth is so applicable for our lives! Each of us have a role to play in the Kingdom of God. And for a lot of us our current role feels like we're using a fraction of our capacity. But we have to remember that God is the Giver of capacity as well as the Assigner of roles. And He doesn't make mistakes. Our failure to play our part well, with a willing spirit and joyful heart, has a domino effect that can cripple an entire organization.

For example, if I decided that I wanted a much more "significant" Kingdom role than my current position as a stay-at-home mom, it would drastically effect the climate of our home. Things would not run as smoothly. Laundry would be everywhere. Healthy home cooked meals would be few and far between. My kids would be shuffled from one source of childcare to another. I'd be bringing a lot of external stress home with me. All of this would have a huge impact on Andy and it would in-turn affect his ability to lead South Bay well.

But when I embrace my role (without grumbling or whining or straining for some type of promotion) everything just works better. Our lives have rhythm. Our family feels healthy.

While my role can, at times, feel insignificant, it is my willingness to embrace that insignificance that allows me to have such a significant impact.

You have a role to play. Sometimes you may be thrust into the lime light and have this exhilarating sensation of "I was born for this!" But, probably, the majority of the time your part will feel more like a stage-hand. And the significance of your contribution cannot be overstated. Your willingness to serve well with all your heart brings MUCH glory and delight to God!

Another perk of my role is that I get to hang out with these guys all day...

And what in the world could be insignificant about that?!?!

Source: http://staciewood.blogspot.com/2012/08/significantly-insignificant.html

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NJ mom who once lost custody decapitates son, 2

An air conditioner rests on a porch roof, second from left, at 1415 Kaighn Ave., in Camden, N.J., Wednesday, August 22, 2012, after police in Camden say a 2-year-old boy was decapitated, apparently by his mother, and his head left in the freezer of their home before woman fatally stabbed herself. Chevonne Thomas, 33, called 911 just after midnight to say something had happened to her child and it "sounded like she had done it," Camden County Prosecutor's Office spokesman Jason Laughlin said. Officers found Zahree Thomas' body on the first floor of the home on Kaighn Avenue and the boy's head in the freezer. (Photo/Mel Evans)

An air conditioner rests on a porch roof, second from left, at 1415 Kaighn Ave., in Camden, N.J., Wednesday, August 22, 2012, after police in Camden say a 2-year-old boy was decapitated, apparently by his mother, and his head left in the freezer of their home before woman fatally stabbed herself. Chevonne Thomas, 33, called 911 just after midnight to say something had happened to her child and it "sounded like she had done it," Camden County Prosecutor's Office spokesman Jason Laughlin said. Officers found Zahree Thomas' body on the first floor of the home on Kaighn Avenue and the boy's head in the freezer. (Photo/Mel Evans)

A police officer stands at the doorway of 1415 Kaighn Ave., in Camden, N.J., Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012, after police in Camden say a 2-year-old boy was decapitated, apparently by his mother, and his head left in the freezer of their home before woman fatally stabbed herself. Chevonne Thomas, 33, called 911 just after midnight to say something had happened to her child and it "sounded like she had done it," Camden County Prosecutor's Office spokesman Jason Laughlin said. Officers found Zahree Thomas' body on the first floor of the home and the boy's head in the freezer. (Photo/Mel Evans)

Neighbors duck under police tape near 1415 Kaighn Ave., in Camden, N.J., Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012. Police say a New Jersey mother apparently decapitated her 2-year-old boy and put his head in the freezer of their home before she fatally stabbed herself. Chevonne Thomas, 33, called 911 just after midnight to say something had happened to her child and it "sounded like she had done it," said Jason Laughlin, a spokesman for the county prosecutor's office. Officers found Zahree Thomas' body on the first floor of the Camden home and the boy's head in the freezer. The mother stabbed herself in the neck with a kitchen knife and died, Laughlin said. (Photo/Mel Evans)

A police officer talks to neighbors near 1415 Kaighn Ave., in Camden, N.J., Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012, Police say a New Jersey mother apparently decapitated her 2-year-old boy and put his head in the freezer of their home before she fatally stabbed herself. Chevonne Thomas, 33, called 911 just after midnight to say something had happened to her child and it "sounded like she had done it," said Jason Laughlin, a spokesman for the county prosecutor's office. Officers found Zahree Thomas' body on the first floor of the Camden home and the boy's head in the freezer. The mother stabbed herself in the neck with a kitchen knife and died, Laughlin said. (Photo/Mel Evans)

A neighbor sits on her porch as police officers stand near the open doorway of 1415 Kaighn Ave., in Camden, N.J., Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2012. Police say a New Jersey mother apparently decapitated her 2-year-old boy and put his head in the freezer of their home before she fatally stabbed herself. Chevonne Thomas, 33, called 911 just after midnight to say something had happened to her child and it "sounded like she had done it," said Jason Laughlin, a spokesman for the county prosecutor's office. Officers found Zahree Thomas' body on the first floor of the Camden home and the boy's head in the freezer. The mother stabbed herself in the neck with a kitchen knife and died, Laughlin said. (Photo/Mel Evans)

(AP) ? The 911 call from Chevonne Thomas was rambling and incoherent, but authorities said she made one thing clear: Her 2-year-old son had been stabbed, and "I did it."

What police found at her Camden rowhouse early Wednesday was even more horrifying. Thomas had decapitated her son and placed his head in the freezer.

The 33-year-old mother later fatally stabbed herself after hanging up on emergency dispatchers, a violent end to a troubled life.

Thomas only recently regained custody of son Zahree after allegedly leaving the boy unattended in a car, telling police she had smoked marijuana laced with the hallucinogenic drug PCP and blacked out in a nearby park.

Distraught family members who arrived at the scene late Wednesday morning, shocked expressions on their faces, declined to comment. Some neighbors described strange behavior by Thomas, who had just moved to the street from elsewhere in the city. Others saw no evidence of problems.

"Because, had we known something was up, I'm quite sure all the neighbors on this block would have talked to her," said Tayari Horcey, who lives a few doors from Thomas. "But, you know, people hold stuff in. You don't know what's going on."

The state's child welfare agency said in a statement that Thomas had been receiving counseling and support services since a court-ordered reunification with her son April 3.

She previously lost custody of Zahree to relatives and was ordered to undergo treatment for substance abuse and mental health disorders, according to the Department of Children and Families. Thomas was charged with child endangerment in the 2010 car incident, but the case was dropped because of a problem with a witness, said Jason Laughlin, spokesman for the Camden County prosecutor's office.

The gruesome events began unfolding Tuesday night in Camden, an impoverished, high-crime city across the Delaware River from Philadelphia.

Neighbor Melanie Troutman reported seeing Thomas and her boyfriend sitting on the steps of their home, a familiar sight. But Troutman said that on this night, Thomas was topless and "clearly upset." Horcey insisted Thomas was clothed.

About two hours later, Thomas called 911. During the call, she first accused her boyfriend of stabbing Zahree, but then quickly recanted.

"You know what, I did it, I'm lying, I'm lying, I'm lying, I did it," she said, according to a recording of the rambling, often incoherent call released Wednesday evening.

"I did it, I did it, I did it," she repeated later.

When asked if she takes medicine, Thomas said she used to take the antidepressant Prozac.

"I didn't take it today, but I should have," she said.

Police later found Zahree's body on the first floor of his mother's home, then discovered his head in the freezer. A medical examiner found a chest stab wound and marks on the child's arms, Laughlin said.

Thomas stabbed herself in the neck with a kitchen knife shortly after hanging up on dispatchers, Laughlin said.

The Department of Children and Families said its staff had visited with the family regularly and was in communication with all service providers. The agency said it would investigate the deaths of both mother and child.

The department has been under the supervision of a federal judge and undergone a major overhaul since 2003 as a result of high-profile lapses in the oversight of children.

Thelma Moore, a former neighbor, said Thomas had exhibited mental health issues during the several years she'd known her. Moore described her as being in "a world all to herself," and said Thomas had seen a behavioral health therapist.

"She just walked around and talked and cursed to herself," Moore said.

But Thomas' landlord, who did not want to be identified, said the woman had lived at the home for two months and was a perfect tenant, keeping the apartment tidy.

Court records show Thomas faced dozens of judgments and liens filed in civil court in New Jersey dating back to 2002.

___

Associated Press writers David Porter in Newark and Katie Zezima in Trenton contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-08-22-Decapitated%20Child/id-634cb6d9ccf343b599a0a1963f44a67e

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Study to examine trends in urban agriculture

Study to examine trends in urban agriculture [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 21-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-9481
Penn State

Farming in the city is a hot topic in some circles, but an exact picture of urban agriculture has not yet been painted. Researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences, along with faculty from New York University, will soon begin a study of urban agriculture in the United States.

"The State of Urban Farming in the United States: Enhancing the Viability of Small and Medium-Sized Commercial Urban Farms" is funded by a $453,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's

National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Urban agriculture -- also known as urban farming -- includes enterprises located in urban or urban-edge areas that most often grow high-value crops and sell their products in urban areas to restaurants, farmers' markets or through community-supported agriculture efforts, often called CSAs.

Urban agriculture also is diverse in production methods. For example, crops may be grown in vacant lots, on rooftops, by hydroponic methods -- without soil -- or in high tunnels, among others.

Lydia Oberholtzer, senior research associate in Penn State's Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education and one of the project's leaders, said that while urban agriculture is gaining increased attention from many, accurate statistics indicating what is happening in the field are not yet available.

"We think it's increasing, and we want to look at the innovation happening on the ground," she said. "We also want to develop and disseminate information that can help these producers mitigate their production and marketing risks."

The study will examine trends in urban farming by surveying producers and interviewing key stakeholders in 15 cities.

John Byrnes, director for Penn State Extension in Philadelphia, is part of the advisory group for the research project and has implemented urban agriculture projects in that city.

"We've gotten progressively more involved in urban agriculture on a number of levels," he said. "New projects are happening every season."

Byrnes has worked with Bill Lamont, professor of vegetable crops, Penn State, to bring agricultural technology to Philadelphia. For example, they helped implement several high-tunnel programs, starting with a structure at W. B. Saul High School, which is focused on agriculture. Currently, there are 10 operations with high tunnels in the city.

Byrnes said urban agriculture has become more popular for several reasons. He noted that it is a business, but profit is not the only motivation to become involved.

"Most of the time growers are motivated toward improving community health or improving access to healthy food, or to introduce teenagers or those out of work to new job skills," he said. "The impact is much deeper and much more complicated than just making money. Once we get to that conversation, urban agriculture becomes a much more dynamic and inclusive topic for discussion."

With urban agriculture, young farmers may have a chance to put unused land in the cities into production, according to Oberholtzer.

"Urban agriculture can provide an economic opportunity and is a community development tool," she said. "It can provide green, open space and a place for community in an urban area. It also can affect access to food for many folks where access to fresh local produce is an issue."

She added that urban farmers may face barriers such as soil pollution, soil quality, nutrient scarcity and challenges in marketing products. City policies and zoning also can be a barrier to urban farming.

While those barriers exist, Byrnes noted that Extension's strong history and energy in working with agriculture helps.

"The common need is what the college has to offer: big-picture thinking when it comes to entrepreneurship, production and land-use issues," he said. "It really taps into the heart of the strength of Extension -- having a local focus, trying to stay relevant, listening to what people need and drawing from strengths to serve growers and operations."

###



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Study to examine trends in urban agriculture [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 21-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-9481
Penn State

Farming in the city is a hot topic in some circles, but an exact picture of urban agriculture has not yet been painted. Researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences, along with faculty from New York University, will soon begin a study of urban agriculture in the United States.

"The State of Urban Farming in the United States: Enhancing the Viability of Small and Medium-Sized Commercial Urban Farms" is funded by a $453,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's

National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Urban agriculture -- also known as urban farming -- includes enterprises located in urban or urban-edge areas that most often grow high-value crops and sell their products in urban areas to restaurants, farmers' markets or through community-supported agriculture efforts, often called CSAs.

Urban agriculture also is diverse in production methods. For example, crops may be grown in vacant lots, on rooftops, by hydroponic methods -- without soil -- or in high tunnels, among others.

Lydia Oberholtzer, senior research associate in Penn State's Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education and one of the project's leaders, said that while urban agriculture is gaining increased attention from many, accurate statistics indicating what is happening in the field are not yet available.

"We think it's increasing, and we want to look at the innovation happening on the ground," she said. "We also want to develop and disseminate information that can help these producers mitigate their production and marketing risks."

The study will examine trends in urban farming by surveying producers and interviewing key stakeholders in 15 cities.

John Byrnes, director for Penn State Extension in Philadelphia, is part of the advisory group for the research project and has implemented urban agriculture projects in that city.

"We've gotten progressively more involved in urban agriculture on a number of levels," he said. "New projects are happening every season."

Byrnes has worked with Bill Lamont, professor of vegetable crops, Penn State, to bring agricultural technology to Philadelphia. For example, they helped implement several high-tunnel programs, starting with a structure at W. B. Saul High School, which is focused on agriculture. Currently, there are 10 operations with high tunnels in the city.

Byrnes said urban agriculture has become more popular for several reasons. He noted that it is a business, but profit is not the only motivation to become involved.

"Most of the time growers are motivated toward improving community health or improving access to healthy food, or to introduce teenagers or those out of work to new job skills," he said. "The impact is much deeper and much more complicated than just making money. Once we get to that conversation, urban agriculture becomes a much more dynamic and inclusive topic for discussion."

With urban agriculture, young farmers may have a chance to put unused land in the cities into production, according to Oberholtzer.

"Urban agriculture can provide an economic opportunity and is a community development tool," she said. "It can provide green, open space and a place for community in an urban area. It also can affect access to food for many folks where access to fresh local produce is an issue."

She added that urban farmers may face barriers such as soil pollution, soil quality, nutrient scarcity and challenges in marketing products. City policies and zoning also can be a barrier to urban farming.

While those barriers exist, Byrnes noted that Extension's strong history and energy in working with agriculture helps.

"The common need is what the college has to offer: big-picture thinking when it comes to entrepreneurship, production and land-use issues," he said. "It really taps into the heart of the strength of Extension -- having a local focus, trying to stay relevant, listening to what people need and drawing from strengths to serve growers and operations."

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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-08/ps-ste082112.php

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Tuesday, August 21, 2012

Ore. wave power project gets federal permit

Wave power developers planning a project off the Oregon Coast now have the nation's only federal permit to develop a commercial wave power park.

Ocean Power Technologies Inc., based in Pennington, N.J., said Monday it will deploy the first buoy for testing sometime this year off Reedsport.

Charles Dunleavy, CEO of the publicly held company, said it hopes to have the country's first commercial wave power park online within two or three years of securing full financing.

The project will include 10 buoys anchored 2 1/2 miles off the coast and covering about 30 acres. They will produce 1.5 megawatts ? enough to power about 1,000 homes. An undersea cable will carry the power to a site slated for the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, and connect to the grid at a substation in Gardner.

Belinda Batten, director of the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Facility and a professor of mechanical energy at Oregon State University, said the Ocean Power facility is small by European standards but presents a big step forward in development of alternative energy from the ocean in the U.S.

The Oregon Coast has become a hotspot for wave power research and development. Waves are bigger on the West Coast than the East Coast by virtue of the prevailing westerly winds, and waves get bigger the farther they are from the equator, Batten said.

She noted that Atmocean Inc., in Santa Fe, N.M., plans to test three buoys this year off Coos Bay; the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Facility last weekend towed out to sea near Newport the nation's first publicly available wave power test facility, called Ocean Sentinel; a wave power generator from New Zealand is to be towed out to the test facility this week; and Oregon State is looking for a site to build a larger grid-connected test facility known as the Pacific Marine Energy Center, which would be patterned after the European Marine Energy Center in Scotland.

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued the 35-year permit to Ocean Power last week. A conditional permit issued for a project in Makah Bay, Wash., was returned in 2007, the agency said.

The first buoy is being built by companies in Oregon, including Oregon Ironworks in Clackamas, Vigor Marine in Portland, and American Bridge in Gardner. Ocean Power hopes to put the buoy in the Willamette River this fall, and tow it to the site off Reedsport, Dunleavy said.

The cylindrical buoy harnesses the power of the ocean's waves through a float encircling it. The float goes up and down with the water while the buoy remains relatively stable. That motion is transferred to turning a generator, which produces electricity.

The final cost of the project is not determined, Dunleavy said. The company has a $4.4 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, $420,000 from the Pacific Northwest Generating Cooperative, and a state business energy tax credit worth $900,000.

Ocean Power previously built the nation's first wave power project off Hawaii, Dunleavy said. It operated two years for the U.S. Navy, before being decommissioned last January.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ore-wave-power-project-gets-federal-permit-231727302--finance.html

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